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Description / Abstract:
OBJECT AND SCOPE
The purpose of this Code is to establish on a thermal basis procedures to determine:
Efficiency
Capacity
A determination of the items specified above may be used for other purposes by mutual agreement, such as:
Checking the actual performance against design
Evaluating the system for an optimum method of operation
Comparing performance with regulatory codes
Determining the performance of component parts of the installation
Evaluating performance when firing waste of different characteristics
Evaluating the effects of changes to equipment
The rules and instructions given in this Code apply to the equipment defined in the Introduction, Section "0". The testing of accessory equipment shall be governed by the Performance Test Code applying specifically to the equipment in question.
Instructions are given for two (2) acceptable methods of testing incineration systems to determine capacity and efficiency. Method one is the direct measurement of input and output; hereinafter referred to as the "input-output" method. Method two is the measurement of heat liberation and is hereinafter referred to as the "heat balance" method. The method followed in conducting the tests shall be clearly defined in the report.
The "input-output', method requires the accurate measurement of the quantity and higher heating values (HHV) of the waste and supplementary fuel, heat credits, heat absorbed by the working fluid (or fluids), the residue, the dust, and the heat transmitted by radiation and convection.
The "heat balance" method requires the accurate determination of the quantities and higher heating values of the waste and supplementary fuel, heat losses, heat credits; quantity and heat content of the residue.
Throughout this Code, heat input is based on the HHV of the waste and supplementary fuel and respective rates of flow, plus heat credits added to the working fluid (or fluids), air, gas and other fluid circuits which cross the system boundary per unit time, as shown in Fig. 1. The system boundary encompasses the equipment to be included in the designated "incineration system." Heat inputs and outputs that cross the system boundary are involved in the efficiency calculations.
Heat output is based on the heat absorbed by the working fluid (or fluids), sensible heat in the solid, liquid and gaseous effluents plus heat to evaporate quenching fluids and transfers across the system boundary per unit of time, as shown in Fig. 1.
Heat credits are those amounts of heat entering the incineration system boundary other than the HHV of the waste and supplementary fuel "As Fired." These credits include quantities such as sensible heat in the waste and supplementary fuel, and sensible heat content of the entering air, and sensible heat content of cooling water entering the system.
For a better understanding of the relationship between heat input, heat output, credits and losses refer to Figs. 2 and 3.
The rated thermal capacity of the system is the design heat input per unit of time. The test thermal capacity is the actual heat input per unit of time dueng test. The system rating in percentage is (see Par. 5.2.1.2):
The efficiency of the incineration system determined within the scope of this Code is the ratio of the heat output to the heat input.
The efficiency for methods one and two under the conditions of test is expressed by the following equations:
Method one:
Method two:
The content of this Code should be read and thoroughly understood before the method of evaluation of incineration system efficiency is selected. While either method will produce results to the accuracies defined in Par. 3.3 of the Code, the various aspects pertinent to obtaining the physical and chemical measurements required should be reviewed as applicable to the specific system to be tested. Final selection of the method to be used should be based on the compatability of the required testing techniques with the incineration system. The calculations and procedures for either method of testing are specified in this Code. Where heat outputs and credits are to be adjusted for variations in waste and inlet air conditions the procedure given in Section 5.4, Corrections to Standard, or Guarantee, conditions of the Code should be followed.
Both of the test methods of this Code apply to incineration systems operating with solid, liquid or gaseous wastes.
This Code will apply when tests are performed on an incineration system burning waste of quantity and characteristics within the limitations agreed to by the parties to the test.
The determination of data of a research nature or other special data is not covered by this Code.
It is recommended that a separate report be prepared for each test by either the "input-output" or the "heat balance" method. The report must include complete details of the conditions under which the test has been conducted including a record of test procedures and all data in a form suitable for demonstrating that the objectives of the test have been attained.
The purpose of this Code is to establish on a thermal basis procedures to determine:
Efficiency
Capacity
A determination of the items specified above may be used for other purposes by mutual agreement, such as:
Checking the actual performance against design
Evaluating the system for an optimum method of operation
Comparing performance with regulatory codes
Determining the performance of component parts of the installation
Evaluating performance when firing waste of different characteristics
Evaluating the effects of changes to equipment
The rules and instructions given in this Code apply to the equipment defined in the Introduction, Section "0". The testing of accessory equipment shall be governed by the Performance Test Code applying specifically to the equipment in question.
Instructions are given for two (2) acceptable methods of testing incineration systems to determine capacity and efficiency. Method one is the direct measurement of input and output; hereinafter referred to as the "input-output" method. Method two is the measurement of heat liberation and is hereinafter referred to as the "heat balance" method. The method followed in conducting the tests shall be clearly defined in the report.
The "input-output', method requires the accurate measurement of the quantity and higher heating values (HHV) of the waste and supplementary fuel, heat credits, heat absorbed by the working fluid (or fluids), the residue, the dust, and the heat transmitted by radiation and convection.
The "heat balance" method requires the accurate determination of the quantities and higher heating values of the waste and supplementary fuel, heat losses, heat credits; quantity and heat content of the residue.
Throughout this Code, heat input is based on the HHV of the waste and supplementary fuel and respective rates of flow, plus heat credits added to the working fluid (or fluids), air, gas and other fluid circuits which cross the system boundary per unit time, as shown in Fig. 1. The system boundary encompasses the equipment to be included in the designated "incineration system." Heat inputs and outputs that cross the system boundary are involved in the efficiency calculations.
Heat output is based on the heat absorbed by the working fluid (or fluids), sensible heat in the solid, liquid and gaseous effluents plus heat to evaporate quenching fluids and transfers across the system boundary per unit of time, as shown in Fig. 1.
Heat credits are those amounts of heat entering the incineration system boundary other than the HHV of the waste and supplementary fuel "As Fired." These credits include quantities such as sensible heat in the waste and supplementary fuel, and sensible heat content of the entering air, and sensible heat content of cooling water entering the system.
For a better understanding of the relationship between heat input, heat output, credits and losses refer to Figs. 2 and 3.
The rated thermal capacity of the system is the design heat input per unit of time. The test thermal capacity is the actual heat input per unit of time dueng test. The system rating in percentage is (see Par. 5.2.1.2):
The efficiency of the incineration system determined within the scope of this Code is the ratio of the heat output to the heat input.
The efficiency for methods one and two under the conditions of test is expressed by the following equations:
Method one:
Method two:
The content of this Code should be read and thoroughly understood before the method of evaluation of incineration system efficiency is selected. While either method will produce results to the accuracies defined in Par. 3.3 of the Code, the various aspects pertinent to obtaining the physical and chemical measurements required should be reviewed as applicable to the specific system to be tested. Final selection of the method to be used should be based on the compatability of the required testing techniques with the incineration system. The calculations and procedures for either method of testing are specified in this Code. Where heat outputs and credits are to be adjusted for variations in waste and inlet air conditions the procedure given in Section 5.4, Corrections to Standard, or Guarantee, conditions of the Code should be followed.
Both of the test methods of this Code apply to incineration systems operating with solid, liquid or gaseous wastes.
This Code will apply when tests are performed on an incineration system burning waste of quantity and characteristics within the limitations agreed to by the parties to the test.
The determination of data of a research nature or other special data is not covered by this Code.
It is recommended that a separate report be prepared for each test by either the "input-output" or the "heat balance" method. The report must include complete details of the conditions under which the test has been conducted including a record of test procedures and all data in a form suitable for demonstrating that the objectives of the test have been attained.