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Description / Abstract:
This guide is intended for owner, designer, specifier, and
inspection and testing personnel interested in or in need of
information and background on the application of underground
shotcrete. The guide briefly discusses the concept of composite
ground support—the combination of shotcrete and other support
elements used to provide early and effective tunnel support. The
guide is not a comprehensive treatise on the design of these
systems, but is intended to provide sufficient information to
understand how the combination and sequencing of ground support
elements can influence the performance, application, inspection,
and testing of shotcrete.
The general format of the document is such that each section
provides a brief introductory overview followed by a table that
contains points considered important to specifications (Example
Specifications) and brief notes to the specifier where necessary.
The reader should, however, recognize that each underground project
is unique, and that the example specifications and notes to the
specifier provided need to be considered in that context.
Although this guide is written to those users typically involved
with civil projects involving shotcrete, it is equally applicable
to users involved with shotcrete in the underground mining
industry. Whereas terms such as owner, specifier, and contractor
are ubiquitous for civil projects, these key players are
nonetheless involved in mining; however, they are typically one or
more individuals, groups, or entities within the mining company,
and may be referred to as engineering, production, or quality
control.
Measurements in this document are presented in inchpound units
(followed by SI units in parentheses). Table 1.1 contains the
constants that were used to convert inch-pound units to SI and vice
versa. Due to issues of rounding, significant figures, and the
dimensions of locally available products, the values resulting from
conversion may be misleadingly precise.